At 11 percent unemployment, Oregon is tied with Alabama for having the ninth highest unemployment in the U.S. Some politicians and policy makers are cheering the fact that Oregon is not tied for first or second place, as it was a few months ago. Even so, Oregon has occupied a spot in the top ten highest unemployment states in 18 of the past 34 years.
Oregon’s chronic high employment has been a source of bafflement for many observers and economists.
Businesses note that Oregon has an anti-business attitude that treats business as a problem to be dealt with rather than an endeavor to foster. In contrast, others point to surveys that rank Oregon as having one of the lowest business tax burdens in the country [1, 2] or being one of the most “business friendly” states in the country. In the face of these studies, Oregon’s persistent high employment rate suggests (1) Oregon is not employment friendly, and/or (2) the various tax burden and business friendly reports are fundamentally flawed and, therefore, meaningless.
Since so many Oregonian’s do not like to discuss the state’s business environment, observers have tried other explanations for Oregon’s moribund jobs environment, including:
- Education. If Oregon just spent more money on education, employment in the state would improve.
- Climate. Analysts at the Oregon Employment Department have a theory that states with milder climates have higher unemployment rates and (believe it or not) Oregon is considered to have a relatively mild climate.
- High minimum wage. Although minimum wage workers (and potential workers) make up a relatively small portion of the workforce, Oregon’s unemployment rate among those most likely to earn minimum wage is substantially higher than if Oregon’s minimum wage was the same as the Federal rate.
Ultimately, many observers, reporters, and politicians throw up their hands and blame manufacturing. The story goes like this …
Oregon relies heavily on heavy manufacturing. Heavy manufacturing is highly cyclical: Employment soars during boom times and plummets during down times. Thus, during recessions Oregon’s employment suffers worse than the rest of the country. The story falls apart for several reasons:
- Oregon’s unemployment rate is high even during boom times. If the manufacturing story were true, during economic booms Oregon’s unemployment rate should drop faster and/or be lower than the rest of the country’s.
- Oregon does not rely that heavily on heavy manufacturing. According to the Oregon Employment Department, throughout the U.S. heavy manufacturing accounts for approximately 6.1 percent of employment. In Oregon, it accounts for 8.3 percent. It not clear that this is enough of a difference to explain the state’s persistently high unemployment.
- Other states that rely more heavily on heavy manufacturing do not have persistently high unemployment. According to the Oregon Employment Department, Wisconsin, Iowa, and New Hampshire have a greater share of their employment in heavy manufacturing, yet these states have much lower unemployment than Oregon. In fact, the Oregon Employment Department produced the following graph that concludes that “there seem to be other factors that have a stronger correlation to the unemployment rate than the concentration of durable goods employment.”
